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Presentación Ferran Tarradellas en el VI Econgreso de Eficiencia Energética

Presentación realizada por el director de la representación de la Comisión Europea en Barcelona durante el webinar sobre Política común en Eficiencia Energética, novedades legislativas y tendencias

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Energy Union Energy for Europe – serving society, supporting the economy, protecting the environment 1

Tratado de Paris 1951

"A este fin, los ministros han acordado en los siguientes objetivos: poner más ... energía abundante a un precio más barato a disposición de las economías europeas ... '

Tratado Euratom 1957

First important directive Oil stocks directive from 1968  Council Directive 68/414/EEC of 20 December 1968  Recognizes the increasing dependence on foreign imports and the severity of a "difficulty" that affect security of supply.  Without defining what was a "difficulty“  After the crisis of 1973-1974 the international energy agency is created.  Member States have an obligation to maintain emergency reserves equivalent to at least 90 days of net oil imports

Energy Green Paper (2000)

El milagro de Hampton Court (2005) "People know there are certain areas - and research and development and energy are two - where Europe has to do more, there are other areas where Europe should do less, or where it regulates it should be actually to improve the workings of the European economy, in particular the single market, rather than hinder them"

Gas crisis in UK in 2005

First Ukraine gas crisis 2005-2006

Reduction of gas supplies during the gas crisis in January 2009 75 % 50 - 75 % 25 – 50 % 25% 0% Ukraine

Climate change

Energy in the treaty of Lisbon  Lisbon Treaty is also the first EU Treaty to stablish a legal basis to Energy (Art 194) and aims to ensure:  The functioning of the energy market  Security of Supply  Promote energy efficiency and energy saving  Promote the development of new and renewable forms of energy  Promote the interconnection of energy networks.

Security of supply Competitiveness Sustainability

Million tonnes CO 2 Global CO 2 Emissions From Energy Consumption IEA: CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, 2006: from 1975 onwards Carbon dioxide information analysis center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA: until 1970, growth rates used for linking with IEA data IEA: World Energy Outlook 2006 European Commission, DG RTD, World Energy Technology Outlook - 2050 (growth rates for extending series to 2050 and for missing years in IEA projections) 1900 1945 1970 1975 1985 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 1980 1995 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0

CO2 objectives for the EU CO 2 2050 2007 2020 -80% -50% -20%

World Energy Demand Total IEA statistical database 1975 - 2000; World Energy Outlook 2006; IEA World Energy Outlook 2006. BP Statistical Review of World Energy (without uncommercial energies): growth rates used for extending time series backwards for 1965 and 1970 as well as for the 2005 number. WETO-H 2 study (DG RTD): growth rates 2050/2030 used for extending IEA time series to 2050 1950 1960 1970 1980 2000 2010 2030 2040 2050 1990 2020 22 000 20 000 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 Total Mtoe

Source: World energy outlook 2008 Million people Population growth by region Africa China India Other Asia OECD Europe OECD North America Middle East OECD Pacific Latin America East Europe/ Eurasia 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 2006 2030

2000 2010 2020 2030 Rest of World USA Source: Vehicle Ownership & Income Growth, Worldwide: 1960-2030: Joyce Dargay, Dermot Gately & Martin Sommer: January 2007 Cars projection Data on vehicles Total vehicles (millions) 2 000 1 900 1 800 1 700 1 600 1 500 1 400 1 300 1 200 1 100 1 000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Brazil India China Rest of OECD

Discoveries Production Source: World energy outlook 2008 World oil reserves Oil discoveries and production, 1960-2006 Billion barrels/year 50 40 30 20 10 0 Ratio discovery/production 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 2000-2006 1990-1999 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Current $/bbl Crude oil prices Brent Source: BP statistical review of world energy full report 2009 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2001 2004 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

EU-27 Baseline Projection Import Dependency 80 70 60 50 40 30 GAS OIL 2000 2010 2020 2030 2000 2010 2020 2030 In %

European Union Asia Pacific North America South & Central America Africa Russia & other Eurasian countries Middle East Proven Oil Reserves (end of 2008) Billion barrels 42.0 70.9 123.2 125.6 127.1 754.1 7.6 Source: BP statistical review of world energy full report 2009

European Union Asia Pacific North America South & Central America Africa Russia & other Eurasian countries Middle East Proven Gas Reserves (end of 2008) Trillion cubic metres 7.31 8.87 14.65 15.39 55.19 75.91 3.21 Source: BP statistical review of world energy full report 2009

EU strongest renewable energy potentials Wind Energy Onshore Solar Energy Wave Energy Simplified Map

Wind Potentials Strongest potential Very high potential High/medium potential Medium/low potential No consolidated data available Simplified map based on Risø National Laboratory, Denmark, 1989 ONSHOR E OFFSHORE

Solar Electricity Potentials Very low potential Low/medium potential Medium/high potential Very high potential Strongest potential + Concentrating Solar Power opportunities Simplified map based on EU Joint Research Center, 2006

20 major RES leading companies Wind power  Vestas AG  Siemens Wind Power A/S  Gamesa  Enercon GmbH  Nordex AG Fuel cell  ACTA  Ceres Power Holdings plc  ITM Power  Abengoa Bioenergy  D1 OILS  Energidalen Solar energy  Conergy AG  SolarWorld AG  Solon AG  Q-Cells AG  ErSol AG Hydro Power  Andritz AG  Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation  Pelamis Wave Power Ltd.  Marine Current Turbines Ltd. Geothermal power  Eco Systems Ireland

Forecast of gross employment in the renewables sector in EU-27 Accelerated deployment policy with moderate export share 1995 2030 2025 2020 2015 2010 2005 2000 Thousand employees 3 400 3 200 3 000 2 800 2 600 2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 Past impacts Accelerated deployment policy with moderate export share (ADP-ME) The impact of renewable energy policy on economic growth and employment in the EU http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/studies/doc/renewables/2009_employ_res_summary.pdf 3 360 3 050 2 760 2 490 1 580 1 380 1 020 1 000

Increasing Import Dependency A low Carbon Future

The 20-20-20 EU policy By 2020 Greenhouse gas levels Energy consumption Renewables in energy mix -20% -20% 100% +20% 8.5%

Barriles de petroleo ahorrados Ahorro anual a 73 €/barril = 26 00 0 millon s 193.000 m ill ones d e € = = 1 000 Plantas de carbón menos 500 000 Aerogene- Radores menos = PIB de Portugal Beneficios de la eficiencia energética Si se alcanza el objetivo del 20% para el 2020

Final energy demand by sector EU-27

Energy efficiency: Delivering the 20% target Key areas with the highest potential for energy savings  Products  Buildings and services  Transport  Energy transformation  Financing  Energy behaviour  International partnerships

Energy using products (EuP) Planning eco-design and labelling measures (update 1 July 2009) Committee vote Commission adoption Eco-design of standby Jul 2008 Dec 2008 Eco-design of simple set top boxes Sep 2008 Jan 2009 Eco-design of tertiary sector Lighting (street and office) Sep 2008 Feb 2009 Eco-design of external power supplies Oct 2008 Feb 2009 Eco-design of domestic lighting Dec 2008 Mar 2009 Eco-design of circulators Mar 2009 Jul 2009 Eco-design of electric motors Mar 2009 Jul 2009 Eco-design and labelling of water heaters Mar 2010 Jul 2010 Eco-design and labelling of washing machines Mar 2010 Jul 2010 Eco-design and labelling of dishwashers Mar 2010 Jul 2010

Energy using products (EuP) Planning eco-design and labelling measures (update 1 July 2009) Committee vote Commission adoption Eco-design and labelling of domestic refrigerators and freezers Mar 2010 Jul 2010 Eco-design of TVs Mar 2009 Jul 2009 Labelling of TVs Mar 2010 Jul 2010 Eco-design of personal computers Feb 2010 Jun 2010 Eco-design of imaging equipment (copiers, printers, faxes, scanners…) Feb 2010 Jun 2010 Eco-design and labelling of boilers Mar 2010 Jul 2010 Eco-design of air-conditioning Mar 2010 Jul 2010 Amended Directive on the labelling of domestic lamps Apr 2010 Sep 2010

Energy efficiency EU energy labelling

EPBD recast: What shall happen? Energy Class D Energy Performance Certificate Energy Class D

Buildings: EPBD recast

Recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)  Scope extended to smaller buildings in case of major renovation  Administrative burden kept to a minimum  Energy performance certificate to become an effective tool in the real estate market  Stimulating higher market uptake of low or zero energy housing  Introducing a tool to benchmark national/regional building codes

Energy Performance Certificate

New energy efficiency directive (2012)  Quantifies 1 483 Mtoe max primary energy consumption or 1 086 final.  Indicative national energy efficiency targets.  Eefficiency obligations schemes or other targeted policy measures to drive energy efficiency improvements in households, industries and transport sectors;  Smart metering to empower consumers to better manage their consumption.  Obligatory energy audit for big companies and incentives for.  Annual renovation of 3% of public buildings.  Efficiency in energy generation.

Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions levels by 20% Increase share of Renewables to 20% Reductions in 2012: -18% 2020 Targets 2020 Projection Share in 2011: 12.7% 2020 Projection 2020 Projection 1. Climate and energy: where do we stand? •Progress towards the 2020 goals Reduce energy consumption by 20%

1. Climate and energy: where do we stand? • Main changes Renewable energy saw rapid cost decreases Technologies are gradually becoming competitive Impact of the financial crisis Fall in private investment, tight financing conditions Rising demand - rising prices By 2030, world economy set to double and energy demand to rise by 1/3 Fukushima Some countries phase out nuclear power production Shale gas US oil and gas production Unconventional gas Conventional gas Unconventional oil Conventional oil

1. Climate and energy: where do we stand? • Prices and costs In the EU: • Wholesale prices have been stable or low • Retail prices have risen, often above inflation, mainly driven by: • taxes and levies, network costs and energy supply costs. Elsewhere: • Prices (especially gas) have fallen. Europe needs to contain energy costs to remain competitive. Annual rise in EU electricity and gas prices, 2008-2012 Electricity - households Gas - households Electricity - industry Gas - industry

• Prices and costs 1. Climate and energy: where do we stand? • Minimise network costs with best practice • Complete the internal (wholesale and retail) market: competition brings cost savings • Switch energy supplier • Use more energy efficient products and processes • Keep (energy financed) energy and climate policies cost effective • Ultimately, protect vulnerable households and exposed industries

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) cost-effectively 2050 objective: -80% to -95% GHG Security of EU energy supplies EU oil and gas imports: € 400 billion per year Competitive energy and new growth and jobs Eco-industry already employs 4.2 million EU contribution to 2015 international climate agreement 2. Why a new framework for 2030?

3. How it works -20 % Greenhouse Gas Emissions -35/40 % Greenhouse Gas Emissions 20% Renewable Energy 20 % Energy Efficiency 25/27 % Renewable Energy Review 2014 2020 2030 New Key Indicators New governance system

•Key indicators Energy price differentials Diversification imports, share of indigenous energy Smart grids & connectors between Member States Intra-EU coupling energy markets Technological innovation Competition and market concentration 3. How it works

•New Governance system National plans for competitive, secure and sustainable energy Commission develops detailed guidance Member States prepare plans based on an iterative process Commission assesses Member States' plans and commitments Include domestic objectives on: • non-ETS GHG emissions • renewable energy • energy savings • energy security • …. 3. How it works

4. Main challenges… • Increasing in any event: renew ageing energy system, rising fossil fuel prices, adherence to existing policies Energy costs • Shift away from fuel expenditure towards investments, additional € 38 billion investment/year 2011-2030 compared to the reference scenario Additional investments to achieve 2030 framework • Future discussion will have to be centred on how to ensure an equitable burden sharing affordable for all Differences between Member States

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy I want to reform and reorganise Europe’s energy policy in a new European Energy Union. Jean-Claude Juncker « « 58

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy The Energy Union Where we want to go: Secure, sustainable, competitive, affordable energy for every European What this means: Energy security, solidarity and trust A fully integrated internal EU-wide energy market Energy efficiency as an energy source in its own right Transition to a low-carbon society Research, innovation and competiveness How we want to reach it: 59

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Our vision of an Energy Union True solidarity and trust ; speaking with one voice in global affairs An integrated , continent-wide energy system Sustainable, low-carbon and climate-friendly economy Strong, innovative and competitive European economy Citizens taking ownership of the energy transition 60

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy 1 Energy Security, solidarity and trust We have to diversify energy supply This means an increased variety of sources, suppliers and routes; increasing transparency on gas supply; working together on security of supply and developing a stronger European role in global energy markets. 61

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Energy Security, solidarity and trust Concrete actions Security of gas supply Comprehensive LNG strategy Alternative suppliers: Southern Gas Corridor and Mediterranean Intergovernmental Agreements EU Energy and climate policy diplomacy 62

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy 2 A fully-integrated internal energy market Energy should flow freely across the EU – without any technical or regulatory barriers 63

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy A fully-integrated internal energy market Concrete actions Major infrastructure projects (PCIs) Energy Infrastructure Forum Regional cooperation Energy prices and costs Vulnerable consumers 64 European electricity market design

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Rethink energy efficiency as an energy source in its own right 3 Energy efficiency 65

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Energy efficiency Concrete actions Energy Efficiency Directive European Performance of Building Directive Energy Labelling & Ecodesign Directives Strengthened financial instruments Heating and Cooling 66

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy 4 Decarbonisation of the Economy An ambitious climate policy is an integral part of our Energy Union 67

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Decarbonisation of the Economy Concrete actions Achieve at least 40% GHG reduction target Renewable Energy Package Road transport package Alternative fuels and clean vehicles 68

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Developing EU technological leadership in low carbon technologies 5 Research, innovation And competitiveness 69

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Research, innovation and competitiveness Concrete actions Integrated SET Plan Strategic transport research and innovation R&I agenda EU global technology and innovation leadership 70

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy Delivering the Energy Union: A dynamic governance Integrated energy and climate governance Streamlined planning and reporting Deepen MS cooperation, improved data intelligence Annual reporting to the EP and Council 71

Source: Directorate-General for Energy Source: Directorate-General for Energy #EnergyUnion @Energy4Europe 72

Publicado: 2 de julio de 2015 Categoría: Presentaciones Webinars

Temas

Eficiencia Energética y Medio ambiente Normativa, reglamentación y concursos